diff --git a/deploy/lan-manager-debian12.tar.gz b/deploy/lan-manager-debian12.tar.gz
index adbcdfb..48f98b0 100644
Binary files a/deploy/lan-manager-debian12.tar.gz and b/deploy/lan-manager-debian12.tar.gz differ
diff --git a/server/handlers/machines.go b/server/handlers/machines.go
index 79321ce..5b0fad7 100644
--- a/server/handlers/machines.go
+++ b/server/handlers/machines.go
@@ -354,8 +354,8 @@ func (h *MachineHandler) SyncSSH(c *gin.Context) {
 			portsStr = portsStr[1 : len(portsStr)-1]
 		}
 	}
-	_, err = db.DB.Exec(`UPDATE machines SET cpu_info=?, memory_info=?, disk_info=?, uptime=?, listen_ports=?, ssh_synced_at=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, updated_at=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id=?`,
-		req.RawCPUInfo, req.RawMemoryInfo, req.RawDiskInfo, req.Uptime, portsStr, id)
+	_, err = db.DB.Exec(`UPDATE machines SET os_version=?, cpu_info=?, memory_info=?, disk_info=?, uptime=?, listen_ports=?, ssh_synced_at=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, updated_at=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id=?`,
+		req.OsVersion, req.RawCPUInfo, req.RawMemoryInfo, req.RawDiskInfo, req.Uptime, portsStr, id)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
diff --git a/server/services/ssh.go b/server/services/ssh.go
index debe008..1c4e737 100644
--- a/server/services/ssh.go
+++ b/server/services/ssh.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package services
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"lan-manager/server/config"
 	"lan-manager/server/models"
 	"strconv"
@@ -38,24 +39,15 @@ func GetSSHInfo(ip string, port int, user, pass string) (*models.SSHInfoResult,
 		result.Hostname = strings.TrimSpace(out)
 	}
 
-	// OS Version
-	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "cat /etc/os-release | grep PRETTY_NAME | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '\"'"); err == nil && out != "" {
+	// OS Version: source /etc/os-release is the most compatible way across Linux distros
+	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, `. /etc/os-release 2>/dev/null && printf '%s\n' "$PRETTY_NAME"`); err == nil && out != "" {
 		result.OsVersion = strings.TrimSpace(out)
 	} else if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "uname -sr"); err == nil {
 		result.OsVersion = strings.TrimSpace(out)
 	}
 
-	// CPU (two samples from /proc/stat for accurate real-time usage)
-	cpuScript := `c1=$(awk '/^cpu /{print $2+$4,$2+$4+$5}' /proc/stat) && sleep 1 && c2=$(awk '/^cpu /{print $2+$4,$2+$4+$5}' /proc/stat) && awk 'BEGIN{split("'"$c1"'", a, " "); split("'"$c2"'", b, " "); if(b[2]-a[2]>0) printf "%.1f", 100*(b[1]-a[1])/(b[2]-a[2]); else print "0.0"}'`
-	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, cpuScript); err == nil && out != "" {
-		cpuUsage := strings.TrimSpace(out)
-		if cpuUsage == "" {
-			cpuUsage = "0.0"
-		}
-		cores := ""
-		if cout, err := runSSHCommand(client, "nproc"); err == nil {
-			cores = strings.TrimSpace(cout)
-		}
+	// CPU: read /proc/stat twice with 1s sleep in Go to avoid complex shell quoting
+	if cpuUsage, cores, err := getCPUInfo(client); err == nil {
 		result.CPU = cpuUsage + "%"
 		if cores != "" {
 			result.CPU += " (" + cores + " cores)"
@@ -63,15 +55,14 @@ func GetSSHInfo(ip string, port int, user, pass string) (*models.SSHInfoResult,
 		result.RawCPUInfo = result.CPU
 	}
 
-	// Memory
-	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"%.1f/%.1f (%.0f%%)\", $3/1024,$2/1024,$3*100/$2 }'"); err == nil && out != "" {
+	// Memory: use /proc/meminfo instead of free for better compatibility
+	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "awk '/MemTotal/{t=$2} /MemAvailable/{a=$2} END{u=t-a; if(t>0) printf \"%.1f/%.1f (%.0f%%)\", u/1024/1024, t/1024/1024, u*100/t}' /proc/meminfo"); err == nil && out != "" {
 		result.Memory = strings.TrimSpace(out)
 		result.RawMemoryInfo = result.Memory
 	}
 
-	// Disk (exclude virtual filesystems, keep all real partitions)
-	// Use df -hP to prevent long filesystem names from wrapping to next line
-	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "df -hP | awk 'NR>1 && $1 !~ /^(tmpfs|devtmpfs|squashfs|overlay|efivarfs|tracefs|securityfs|pstore|bpf|configfs|fusectl|mqueue|hugetlbfs|rpc_pipefs|nfsd|binfmt_misc|autofs|devpts|proc|sysfs|cgroup|cgroup2|ramfs)$/ {printf \"%s %s/%s (%s)  \", $6,$3,$2,$5}'"); err == nil && out != "" {
+	// Disk: keep real block devices only, exclude all virtual filesystems
+	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "df -hP | awk 'NR>1 && ($1 ~ /^\\/dev/ || $1 ~ /^(LABEL=|UUID=)/) {printf \"%s %s/%s (%s)  \", $6,$3,$2,$5}'"); err == nil && out != "" {
 		result.Disk = strings.TrimSpace(out)
 		result.RawDiskInfo = result.Disk
 	}
@@ -81,21 +72,9 @@ func GetSSHInfo(ip string, port int, user, pass string) (*models.SSHInfoResult,
 		result.Uptime = strings.TrimSpace(out)
 	}
 
-	// Listen ports
-	if out, err := runSSHCommand(client, "ss -tlnp | awk 'NR>1 {print $4}' | sed 's/.*://' | sort -n | uniq"); err == nil && out != "" {
-		ports := []int{}
-		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(out))
-		for scanner.Scan() {
-			p := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
-			if p == "" {
-				continue
-			}
-			if pi, err := strconv.Atoi(p); err == nil {
-				ports = append(ports, pi)
-			}
-		}
-		result.ListenPorts = ports
-	}
+	// Listen ports: try ss first, fallback to netstat, fallback to /proc/net/tcp
+	ports, _ := getListenPorts(client)
+	result.ListenPorts = ports
 
 	return result, nil
 }
@@ -111,3 +90,109 @@ func runSSHCommand(client *ssh.Client, cmd string) (string, error) {
 	err = session.Run(cmd)
 	return b.String(), err
 }
+
+func getCPUInfo(client *ssh.Client) (usage string, cores string, err error) {
+	readStat := func() (idle, total float64, e error) {
+		out, e := runSSHCommand(client, "awk '/^cpu /{print $2,$3,$4,$5}' /proc/stat")
+		if e != nil {
+			return 0, 0, e
+		}
+		parts := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(out))
+		if len(parts) < 4 {
+			return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected /proc/stat format")
+		}
+		vals := make([]float64, 4)
+		for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+			v, e := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[i], 64)
+			if e != nil {
+				return 0, 0, e
+			}
+			vals[i] = v
+		}
+		user, nice, system, idleTick := vals[0], vals[1], vals[2], vals[3]
+		idle = idleTick
+		total = user + nice + system + idleTick
+		return idle, total, nil
+	}
+
+	idle1, total1, err := readStat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+	idle2, total2, err := readStat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	dTotal := total2 - total1
+	dIdle := idle2 - idle1
+	if dTotal > 0 {
+		pct := 100.0 * (dTotal - dIdle) / dTotal
+		if pct < 0 {
+			pct = 0
+		}
+		if pct > 100 {
+			pct = 100
+		}
+		usage = fmt.Sprintf("%.1f", pct)
+	} else {
+		usage = "0.0"
+	}
+
+	if cout, e := runSSHCommand(client, "nproc"); e == nil {
+		cores = strings.TrimSpace(cout)
+	}
+	return usage, cores, nil
+}
+
+func getListenPorts(client *ssh.Client) ([]int, error) {
+	var out string
+	var err error
+
+	// try ss without -p (no need for process info, more compatible)
+	out, err = runSSHCommand(client, "ss -tln 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR>1 {print $4}' | sed 's/.*://' | sort -n | uniq")
+	if err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(out) == "" {
+		// fallback to netstat
+		out, err = runSSHCommand(client, "netstat -tln 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR>2 {print $4}' | sed 's/.*://' | sort -n | uniq")
+	}
+	if err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(out) == "" {
+		// fallback to /proc/net/tcp
+		out, err = runSSHCommand(client, "awk 'NR>1 {printf \"%04X\\n\", strtonum(\"0x\"$2)}' /proc/net/tcp")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ports := []int{}
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(out))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		p := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if p == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// handle both decimal ports and hex ports from /proc/net/tcp
+		var pi int
+		var e error
+		if len(p) == 4 && isHex(p) {
+			var h uint64
+			h, e = strconv.ParseUint(p, 16, 32)
+			pi = int(h)
+		} else {
+			pi, e = strconv.Atoi(p)
+		}
+		if e == nil && pi > 0 {
+			ports = append(ports, pi)
+		}
+	}
+	return ports, nil
+}
+
+func isHex(s string) bool {
+	for _, c := range s {
+		if !((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/web/src/views/MachineDetail.vue b/web/src/views/MachineDetail.vue
index 44210d0..86efdb5 100644
--- a/web/src/views/MachineDetail.vue
+++ b/web/src/views/MachineDetail.vue
@@ -422,7 +422,10 @@ async function openSSH() {
     try {
       const res = await sshInfo(machineId, { username: machine.value.ssh_username, password: '' })
       sshResult.value = res.data
-      await syncSSH(machineId, sshResult.value)
+      // 保护用户自定义的主机名，不将 SSH 采集到的 hostname 写入数据库
+      const syncData = { ...sshResult.value }
+      delete syncData.hostname
+      await syncSSH(machineId, syncData)
       ElMessage.success('获取并同步成功')
       await loadMachine()
       sshLoading.value = false
@@ -461,7 +464,10 @@ async function fetchSSH() {
     const res = await sshInfo(machineId, sshForm.value)
     sshResult.value = res.data
     sshDialogVisible.value = false
-    await syncSSH(machineId, sshResult.value)
+    // 保护用户自定义的主机名，不将 SSH 采集到的 hostname 写入数据库
+    const syncData = { ...sshResult.value }
+    delete syncData.hostname
+    await syncSSH(machineId, syncData)
     ElMessage.success('获取并同步成功')
     await loadMachine()
   } catch (e) {}